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Parallel Timeline of Painting and Architecture

·839 words·4 mins·
Table of Contents
gantt title Timeline of Painting and Architecture Styles dateFormat YYYY todayMarker off axisFormat %Y section Painting Byzantine :done, 0330, 1123y Romanesque :done, 1000, 150y Gothic :done, 1150, 250y Renaissance :done, 1350, 270y Baroque :done, 1600, 150y Rococo :done, 1700, 70y Neoclassicism :done, 1750, 100y Romanticism :done, 1800, 50y Realism :done, 1848, 52y Impressionism :done, 1860, 30y Post-Impressionism :done, 1886, 20y Modern :done, 1860, 110y Contemporary :done, 1940, 84y section Architecture Byzantine :done, 0330, 1123y Romanesque :done, 1000, 150y Gothic :done, 1150, 350y Renaissance :done, 1400, 200y Baroque :done, 1600, 150y Rococo :done, 1700, 70y Neoclassicism :done, 1750, 100y Romanticism :done, 1800, 50y Modern :done, 1920, 60y Postmodern :done, 1950, 50y Contemporary :done, 2000, 24y

Here’s a timeline of major painting styles with corresponding periods and representative artists and works:

Art (Painting) Styles

Prehistoric (40,000 - 4000 BCE)

  • Features: Characterized by cave paintings, petroglyphs, and megalithic structures. These works often depicted animals and hunting scenes.
  • Exemplar: Cave paintings in Lascaux, France.

Ancient (3000 BCE - 4th)

  • Middle East and Mediterranean

    • Features: Symbolic and religious themes, detailed narrative scenes, use of hierarchical proportions.
    • Exemplar: Egyptian tomb paintings, Minoan frescoes from Knossos.

  • South Asia

    • Features: Religious themes (Hinduism, Buddhism), vibrant colors, intricate details, depiction of deities and myths.
    • Exemplar: Ajanta cave paintings, Mughal miniatures.

  • East Asia

    • Features: Harmony with nature, emphasis on landscape and calligraphy, use of ink wash and scrolls.
    • Exemplar: Chinese landscape paintings by Guo Xi, Japanese ukiyo-e prints by Hokusai.

  • Mesoamerica

    • Features: Vivid murals, depiction of gods and mythological scenes, use of natural pigments.
    • Exemplar: Murals of Bonampak, Mayan codices.

Greek & Roman (800 BCE - 393 CE)

  • Features: Emphasis on realism, idealized beauty, and mythological themes.
  • Exemplar: Polykleitos, Phidias (sculpture).

Byzantine (330 - 1453)

  • Features: Religious art with iconic imagery, mosaics, and use of gold backgrounds.
  • Exemplar: Mosaics in Hagia Sophia.

Romanesque (10th - 12th)

  • Features: Bold colors, religious themes, and simplified forms.
  • Exemplar: Illuminated manuscripts.

Gothic (12th - 15th)

  • Features: Focused on religious themes with greater realism and use of light and shadow.
  • Exemplar: Giotto di Bondone.

Renaissance (1350 - 1620)

  • Features: Revival of classical ideals, perspective, and humanism.
  • Exemplar: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael.

Baroque (17th - Early 18th)

  • Features: Dramatic, emotional, and dynamic compositions with strong contrasts.
  • Exemplar: Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt.

Rococo (Early - Mid 18th)

  • Features: Decorative, light-hearted, and elegant with pastel colors and playful themes.
  • Exemplar: François Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard.

Neoclassicism (18th - 19th)

  • Features: Inspired by classical antiquity, focusing on simplicity, straight lines, and heroic subjects.
  • Exemplar: Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres.

Romanticism (1800 - 1850)

  • Features: Emphasis on emotion, nature, and individualism.
  • Exemplar: Francisco Goya, Eugène Delacroix, J.M.W. Turner.

Realism (1848 - 1900)

  • Features: Focus on depicting everyday life and ordinary people with honesty.
  • Exemplar: Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet.

Impressionism (1860 - 1890)

  • Features: Use of light and color to capture the impression of a moment.
  • Exemplar: Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

Post-Impressionism (1886 - 1905)

  • Features: Expanded on Impressionism with more emphasis on structure, form, and emotion.
  • Exemplar: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat.

Modern (1860 - 1970)

  • Features: Diverse styles including Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, focusing on innovation and breaking from tradition.
  • Exemplar: Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí, Jackson Pollock.

Contemporary (1940 - Present)

  • Features: Diverse and eclectic, reflecting current issues and technological advancements.
  • Exemplar: Damien Hirst, Jeff Koons, Yayoi Kusama.

Architectural Styles

Ancient Egyptian (3100 BCE - 300 CE)

  • Features: Monumental structures, pyramids, temples with massive columns and hieroglyphic decoration.
  • Exemplar: Pyramids of Giza, Temple of Karnak.

Ancient Greek (900 BCE - 1st)

  • Features: Use of columns (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), symmetry, and proportion.
  • Exemplar: Parthenon, Temple of Hephaestus.

Ancient Roman (509 BCE - 4th)

  • Features: Engineering marvels, arches, domes, and use of concrete.
  • Exemplar: Colosseum, Pantheon.

Byzantine (4th - 1453)

  • Features: Centralized plans, domes, and extensive use of mosaics.
  • Exemplar: Hagia Sophia, Basilica of San Vitale.

Romanesque (10th - 13th)

  • Features: Thick walls, round arches, and sturdy piers.
  • Exemplar: St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral.

Gothic (Late 12th - 16th)

  • Features: Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows.
  • Exemplar: Notre Dame de Paris, Chartres Cathedral.

Renaissance (15th - Early 16th)

  • Features: Revival of classical architecture, symmetry, proportion, and geometry.
  • Exemplar: St. Peter’s Basilica, Palazzo Pitti.

Baroque (Late 16th - 18th)

  • Features: Grandiose, dramatic, and ornate designs with bold decoration.
  • Exemplar: Palace of Versailles, St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Rococo (1730 - 1760)

  • Features: Light, elegant, and ornate style with an emphasis on curves and decoration.
  • Exemplar: Amalienburg, Hôtel de Soubise.

Neoclassical (18th - Mid 20th)

  • Features: Inspired by classical antiquity, emphasizing simplicity and symmetry.
  • Exemplar: The White House, British Museum.

Modern (1920 - 1980)

  • Features: Focus on function, simplicity, and the use of new materials like steel and glass.
  • Exemplar: Villa Savoye, Seagram Building.

Postmodern (1950 - 2000)

  • Features: Reaction against modernism, incorporating eclectic and diverse elements.
  • Exemplar: Piazza d’Italia, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.

Contemporary (2000 - Present)

  • Features: Emphasizes sustainability, innovation in materials and construction techniques, and often includes futuristic designs and organic forms.
  • Exemplar: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry, The Shard by Renzo Piano.